Young's modulus is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. But with a change in temperature the value of Young’s modulus changes. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. 10 9 Nm -2. Any rigid body will undergo deformation when any compression or tension load is applied. Young’s modulus is given by the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. A user selects a start strain point and an end strain point. Calculation of Elastic Modulus of Concrete. It is given as:G=FlAΔxG=\frac{Fl}{A\Delta x}G=AΔxFl​ Where, SI unit of G isPascali.e. Hence, the unit of Young’s modulus is also Pascal. Young’s modulus formula is given by, E = σ / ϵ = 2 / 0.5 =4 N/m 2. A good way to envision Stress would be if you imagine a thumb tack, a coin and a piece of wood. Your email address will not be published. A measure of this tensile elasticity is given by the Young’s modulus. Hence, the unit of Young’s modulus … F = Force applied. Powered By Astra Pro & Elementor Pro. Young’s Modulus of Elasticity = E = ? Close to 16 years of experience in the field of consumer electronics and appliances domain as a Sr. Design Engineer and Team Leader in India and the United States. {\displaystyle \rho } is the density. In some situations, young's modulus is the longitudinal stress divided by strain. What is the Young's Modulus formula? Practically, MPa (megapascal), i.e., N/mm2, or GPa (gigapascal), i.e., kN/mm2, are the units used. Please keep in mind that Young’s modulus holds good only with respect to longitudinal strain. For e.g. ✦ The change in shape of a body because of an external deforming force is called strain. Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! Where: σ = Stress. Formula of Young’s modulus = tensile stress/tensile strain. Increase in length = 2.67 cm. It is dependent upon temperature and pressure however. ρ. Scroll down the following paragraphs to gain more knowledge about the same. Hence, the unit of Young’s modulus, E =the unit of stress=N/m 2 in the Metric system and psi (pound per square inch) in the English System. Young’s Modulus is named after British scientist Thomas Young. Bulk modulus. Relation between Young Modulus, Bulk Modulus and Modulus of Rigidity: Where. This is there where the material comes back to its original shape if the load is withdrawn. . Where F is the force applied, X is the displacement (extension or compression) produced in the spring, and k is the spring factor that is characteristic to the spring. Y = (F L) / (A ΔL) We have: Y: Young's modulus. We assume that you are OK with this if you are browsing through this website. Let us consider the initial volume of an object is V1.Pressure P is applied to all surfaces of the object.Due to this pressure, the volume got decreased and the new volume is V2. You may also like to read: What is CNC machine? Modulus of Elasticity - is a measure of stiffness of an elastic material. Unit of stress is Pascal and strain is a dimensionless quantity. Example 2: Let us consider the problem : A rod with young's modulus of … Young’s modulus formula Young’s modulus is the ratio of longitudinal stress and longitudinal strain. For a specific material, the value of Young’s modulus or the modulus of elasticity is constant at a specified temperature. So how does one go about…. These parameters are obtained from elastic stiffness c11, c12 and c44 but the values of elastic stiffness are sensitive against the data of Young’s modulus in poly-crystal. Young's modulus is a measure of the ability of a material to withstand changes in dimension when under dimension wise tension or compression. A client has has me a question and I gave him an answer as below you will see my method of finding Young's Modulus and Poisson Ratio. The following equations demonstrate the relationship between the different elastic constants, where: E = Young’s Modulus, also known as Modulus of Elasticity; G = Shear Modulus, also known as Modulus of Rigidity; K = Bulk Modulus = Poisson’s Ratio . ✦ SI unit of Young’s Modulus: unit of stress/unit of strain. In Construction projects, we use a lot of beams which are subject to extensive force. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Young’s Modulus is based on that principle. 2. Shear modulus is the slope of the linear elastic region of the shear stress–strain curve and Poisson's ratio is defined as the ratio of the lateral and axial strain. All of them arise in the generalized Hooke's law: . Thus, as the Young’s modulus is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain, it will also vary with respect to temperature. Stress is applied to force per unit area, and strain is proportional change in length. E = Young's Modulus (N/m 2) (lb/in 2, psi) Modulus of Elasticity, or Young's Modulus, is commonly used for metals and metal alloys and expressed in terms 10 6 lb f /in 2, N/m 2 or Pa. Tensile modulus is often used for plastics and is expressed in terms 10 5 lb f /in 2 or GPa. 1. tensile stress- stress that tends to stretch or lengthen the material - acts normal to the stressed area 2. compressive stress- stress that tends to compress or shorten the material - acts normal to the stressed area 3. shearing stress- stress that tends to shear the material - acts in plane to the stressed area at right-angles to compressive or tensile … According to ACI codes, the modulus of elasticity of concrete can e measure with the formula, This law holds true within the elastic limit. derivation of Young's modulus experiment formula. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Wachtman has proposed an empirical formula that shows the dependency of Young’s modulus on temperature. If we look into above examples of Stress and Strain then the Young’s Modulus will be Stress/Strain= (F/A)/ (L1/L) This is written as: Young's modulus = (Force * no-stress length) / (Area of a section * change in the length) The equation is. This article provides information about combustion reactions and related examples. This ScienceStruck post explains how to calculate Young’s modulus, and its relation to temperature changes and Hooke’s Law. Modulus of Elasticity - is a measure of stiffness of an elastic material. and is calculated using the formula below: … A modulus is a numerical value, which represents a physical property of a material. Bricks of low elastic modulus are occasionally used in some developing countries, such as Indonesia and India. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Substituting the values in the formula, Y = 2.5 / 0.19 = 13.16 Therefore, the young's modulus of the rod is 13.16. Once you stop stretching, the rubber band will come to its original shape. Types of CNC machine, Helps to find out linearity between stress and strain, Predicts stress limit at which the parts get into plastic zone, Provides information about when the part might fail, Offers key insights about structural rigidity of materials, Determine the deflection of a beam in different loading condition. Young’s modulus. This ScienceStruck post explains how to calculate Young's modulus, and its relation to temperature changes and Hooke's Law. Hence, the stress/strain ratio is higher for steel. 2. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Young's Modulus from shear modulus can be obtained via the Poisson's ratio and is represented as E=2*G* (1+) or Young's Modulus=2*Shear Modulus* (1+Poisson's ratio). The dimensional formula of linear stress = [M 1 L-1 T-2] . This is a specific form of Hooke’s law of elasticity. The simplest chemical representation that denotes the ratio of elemental atoms of a compound in the form of positive integers is called empirical formula. What that means is that if you apply more stress, more strain will occur. Formula of Young’s modulus = tensile stress/tensile strain= σ /ε = (F/A)/(△ L/L). ✦ The internal restoring force per unit cross-sectional area of a body is defined as stress. Chord Modulus. ✦ Unit of strain: Strain has no units; it is a dimensionless quantity as it is a ratio of two lengths measured in the same unit. Active 2 years ago. Shear modulus formula. Stress is the ratio of applied force F to a cross section area - defined as "force per unit area". E = Young Modulus of Elasticity. The Young's Modulus (or Elastic Modulus) is in essence the stiffness of a material. Young's modulus is calculated using the relationship between the total stress and the resulting strain because of the forces acting on the body. Bulk modulus is the ratio of applied pressure to the volumetric strain. Note that most materials behave like springs when undergoing linear deformation. Young's modulus E describes the material's strain response to uniaxial stress in the direction of this stress (like pulling on the ends of a wire or putting a weight on top of a column, with the wire getting longer and the column losing height), It describes the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation in an object). ✦ It is equal to the external deforming force per unit area applied to a body. So for this reason, a metal rod is more elastic than rubber. Young's modulus describes tensile elasticity along a line when opposing … This is there where the material comes back to its original shape if the load is withdrawn. = σ /ε. Young’s modulus of steel is 200 x 109 GPa. Firstly find the cross sectional area of the material = A = b X d = 7.5 X 15. Young's modulus is the ratio of stress to strain. Hence, the unit of Young’s modulus is also Pascal. A = Area Force applied to. • Here, E0 is the Young’s modulus at 0°K• T is the absolute temperature• B is parameter depending on the property of the material. Young’s modulus is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. We also explain how Young’s modulus varies with temperature and its relation with Hooke’s Law. For e.g. ✦ SI Unit of stress = unit of force/unit of area= Newton/m2 or PascalThus, unit of stress is same as the unit of pressure. Young’s modulus is a measure of the stiffness. If you stretch a rubber band, you will notice that up to some extent it will stretch. Hence, the strain exhibited by a material will also change. Required fields are marked *. Often Young’s modulus is called Modulus of Elasticity. {\displaystyle specific\ modulus=E/\rho } where. Before we learn about elasticity, we need to know below terms first.eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'riansclub_com-box-3','ezslot_6',143,'0','0'])); The force per unit area is called Stress. The unit of Young’s modulus in the English system is pascal per square inch ( PSI) and in the metric system, it is Newton per square meter (N/M2) eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'riansclub_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_0',149,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'riansclub_com-leader-2','ezslot_8',156,'0','0'])); You may like to read: What is factor of safety?eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'riansclub_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_2',158,'0','0'])); Young’s modulus helps engineers to find out at what stress the part is going to get into the plastic zone and eventually fails. Determine Young’s modulus of a material whose elastic stress and strain are 4 N/m 2 and 0.15 respectively? A = 112.5 centimeter square. E. {\displaystyle E} is the elastic modulus and. Young's Modulus or Tensile Modulus alt. Formula of Young’s modulus = tensile stress/tensile strain = σ /ε = (F/A)/( L/L) SI unit of Young’s Modulus: unit of stress/unit of strain. Young’s modulus is a key factor to decide the structural stability of those beams. ✦ When a body undergoes elongation or compression, there occurs a change in the shape of the body. Young’s modulus formula. This is contrary to popular belief that if a material can be stretched more than others, then it is elastic. Young’s modulus of elasticity is ratio between stress and strain. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603. It is related to the Grüneisen constant γ.• Exp (-Tm/T) is a single Boltzmann factor.• Tm is a parameter that depends on the property of the material that has a correlation with the Debye temperature Θ.• γ and Θ are the factors related to volume thermal expansion and the specific heat of the material, respectively. If we look into above examples of Stress and Strain then the Young’s Modulus will be Stress/Strain= (F/A)/(L1/L)eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'riansclub_com-leader-4','ezslot_13',155,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'riansclub_com-leader-4','ezslot_14',155,'0','1'])); Young’s Modulus= Stress / Strain ={(F/A)/(L1/L)}. Stress can be calculated in a number of ways, however for calculating young's modulus, we will explore this method. Young’s Modulus of Steel , Aluminium and other materials, What is CNC machine? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. That determines the load that a part can withstand. . The ratio of amount of elongation to the original length is called Strain, The ratio of stress to strain is called Young’s modulus, Your email address will not be published. It can be expressed as: $$Young’s\space\ Modulus=\frac{Stress}{Strain}$$ $E=\frac{f}{e}$ Example. This restoring force per unit area is called stress. It quantifies the relationship between tensile stress $${\displaystyle \sigma }$$ (force per unit area) and axial strain $${\displaystyle \varepsilon }$$ (proportional deformation) in the linear elastic region of a material and is determined using the formula: Ask Question Asked 2 years ago. I hope you got a fair idea about Young’s modulus in this article. Hosted on Siteground. Let’s discuss more on Young’s Modulus in this article and figure out its definition, formula, and usage. The basic difference in this context being that unlike springs, most materials possess an area that must be taken into consideration. A 2004 batch Mechanical Engineering graduate From NIT, Agartala. ✦ Young’s modulus is the modulus of tensile elasticity. Tie material is subjected to axial force of 4200 KN. Venturimeter: Definition, Application, Working Principle, And Advantages, Single Point Cutting Tool: Definition, Geometry, Nomenclature, And Angle [PDF], Abrasive Jet Machining: Working Principle, Advantages And Disadvantages [PDF], Jigs And Fixtures: Definition, Types And Applications, Automated Manual Transmission: Auto Gear Shift (AGS), Timing Belt: Calculations, Applications, Advantages And Disadvantages [PDF], Chain Drive: Types Of Chains And Application [PDF], RiansClub is purely an educational initiative. In essence, the Young’s modulus of steel is more than the Young’s modulus of rubber. Modulus of Elasticity Based on ACI 318-14. The steepest slope is reported as the modulus. . What is the Young's Modulus formula? Thus, steel is more elastic than rubber! Here Y is the Young's modulus measured in N/m 2 or Pascal. A material can be deformed along many directions. Young's Modulus or Tensile Modulus alt. Shear modulus. The Young’s modulus holds good only when the stress is proportional to strain, which means under the elastic limit or elastic zone. Young’s modulus is … Shear Modulus of Elasticity - or Modulus of Rigidity. Strain = Extension or Compression/Length = △l/l. The ratio of the amount of elongation to the original length is called Strain. When the temperature of a material changes, there is a corresponding change in the atomic thermal vibrations of the material. Here, we explain what these reactions are and present…. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Axial Force = P = 4200 KN. (5) And, linear strain = Change in length × [Original length]-1 = Dimension Less. So the strain, in this case, will be Strain= L1/L. Elastic constants for some of the materials are given in the table: Material. Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young. Up to some limit, stress is proportional to strain( Zone O-A). Young's modulus $${\displaystyle E}$$, the Young modulus or the modulus of elasticity in tension, is a mechanical property that measures the tensile stiffness of a solid material. Unit of stress is Pascal and strain is a dimensionless quantity. The dimensional analysis yields units of distance squared per time squared. Y = σ ε We have Y = (F/A)/ (∆L/L) = (F × L) / (A × ∆L) As strain is a dimensionless quantity, the unit of Young’s modulus is the same as that of stress, that is N/m² or Pascal (Pa). I personally look into Young’s modulus whenever I have to choose a material for my project. With the compressive strength test on the concrete specimen (cylinder of 15 cm diameter and 30 cm length having a volume 15 cm cube), the modulus of elasticity of concrete is calculated with the help of stress and strain graph. How to Find the Empirical Formula - Understand with Examples. G is shear modulus in N.m-2; F is the force acting on the body; l is the initial length ∆x is the change in length; A is the area; A shear modulus is applicable for the small deformation of the material by applying less shearing force which is capable to return to its original state. Young’s modulus is the ratio of longitudinal stress and longitudinal strain. Copyright © Science Struck & Buzzle.com, Inc. A material with low stiffness (red) provides a higher deformation than a material with high stiffness (blue). A metal rod can better regain its previous shape after the deforming forces are removed as compared to rubber. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In other words, it is the property of a material to resist deformation. The Young's Modulus of a material is a fundamental property of every material that cannot be changed. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. These cookies do not store any personal information. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. ✦ Strain is, thus, a ratio of change in length to the original length. Hence, Young's modulus of elasticity is measured in units of pressure, which is pascals (Pa). That is called the elasticity of a material. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The coefficient of proportionality is called Young’s Modulus. Width of tie bar = b = 7.5 cm. Must read: What is Young’s Modulus Bulk modulus formula. Depth of tie bar = d = 15 cm. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. When there is an increase in the temperature, the atomic thermal vibrations of the material also increase. G is the shear modulus K is the bulk modulus μ is the Poisson number . ✦ Tensile elasticity indicates the ability of a body to undergo linear deformation. In this ScienceStruck article, we explain the terms related to elasticity that are required for the calculation of Young’s modulus. It compares the tensile stress with the tensile strain. we have a mathematical relation between the Bulk modulus(K) and the Youngs modulus(E) is given by. Sign up to receive the latest and greatest articles from our site automatically each week (give or take)...right to your inbox. The displacement is considered to be longitudinal. It describes the linear stress and strain whereas the bulk modulus defines the volumetric stresses and strain. This is called Hooke’s law. When a body is subjected to a deforming force, a resultant restoring force occurs in the body which is equal to the deforming force but acts in the opposing direction. Young's Modulus. The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of materials. It provides key insights into the structural rigidity of materials. Types of CNC machineeval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'riansclub_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_4',151,'0','0'])); Young’s modulus is a key parameter to qualify a material for an application which is subjected to different loading condition. Young’s Modulus is also known as tensile modulus, elastic modulus or modulus … = (F/A)/ ( L/L) SI unit of Young’s Modulus: unit of stress/unit of strain. So higher the value of Young’s Modulus, more stress is required to create the same amount of strain.eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'riansclub_com-leader-3','ezslot_10',154,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'riansclub_com-leader-3','ezslot_11',154,'0','1'])); The Young’s modulus holds good only when the stress is proportional to strain, which means under the elastic limit or elastic zone. Most of the previous research efforts focused on masonry structures built with bricks of considerably high elastic modulus. The volume of material also changes when temperature varies. In the below example, the blue highlighted body is subjected to external force F. The initial length of the body is L. Due to the load the body is elongated by L1. We hope you are enjoying ScienceStruck! Young’s modulus = stress/strain = (FL 0)/A(L n − L 0). Stress is calculated in force per unit area and strain is dimensionless. The modulus of elasticity, also known as Young's modulus, is a material property and a measure of its stiffness under compression or tension. Also I keep copies for ISO 9000 reasons. Strain = Elongation/ Original length = L1/Leval(ez_write_tag([[468,60],'riansclub_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_9',145,'0','0'])); You may also like to read: What is Poisson’s ratioeval(ez_write_tag([[728,90],'riansclub_com-banner-1','ezslot_1',153,'0','0'])); Young’s Modulus is the ability of any material to resist changes due to force acting in a longitudinal direction. Youngs Modulus = Stress/ Strain. Unit of stress is Pascal and strain is a dimensionless quantity. This relationship is given as below: E=2G(1+μ)E= 2G ( 1+\mu )E=2G(1+μ) And E=3K(1–2μ)E = 3K ( 1 – 2 \mu )E=3K(1–2μ) Where, Slopes are calculated on the initial linear portion of the curve using least-squares fit on test data. For the same stress, the strain of steel is lesser as compared to that of rubber. I tried to cover the basics of Young’s modulus in this article which may help you consider during any product design project. If you have questions or queries, please do write in the comment section and I will be happy to assist you. The property of a material of returning to its original shape and size after being put through elongation or compression is called elasticity in physics. Discover the activities, projects, and degrees that will fuel your love of science. The units of Young’s modulus in the English system are pounds per square inch (psi), and in the metric system newtons per square metre (N/m 2). So sometimes I have to show or record Young's Modulus, Tensile Modulus, Possion Ratio, Density, etc in my reports. Stress, Strain & Young’s Modulus Young’s modulus (E) is defined as the ratio of the stress applied to the material along the longitudinal axis of the specimen tested and the deformation or strain, measured on that same axis. If you are looking for examples of endothermic reactions in everyday life, this article has just what you are looking for. Please keep in mind that Young’s modulus holds good only with respect to longitudinal strain. Young's Modulus calculator uses Young's Modulus=Stress/Strain to calculate the Young's Modulus, Young’s modulus which can also be called elastic modulus is a mechanical property of linear elastic solid substances. In other words, it is how easily it is bended or stretched. Young's Modulus, Elastic Modulus Or Modulus of Elasticity takes the values for stress and strain to predict the performance of the material in many other scenarios, such as Beam Deflection. The computation of modulus of elasticity of concrete using equations of various codes are presented below : 1. Although we try our level best, in case if you do have any concern about content or copyright issues, please let us know through the Contact Us page and we will respect your concern, This website uses cookies to enhance your user experience. The equation can be written as: s p e c i f i c m o d u l u s = E / ρ. The figure depicts a given uniaxial stress for tensile (extension, left) or pressure (compression, right). Young’s modulus is given by the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. ✦ A body undergoes linear deformation when it is stretched or compressed along a longitudinal axis. G = Modulus of Rigidity. Notations Used In Shear Modulus Formula. Would you like to write for us? Young’s modulus is named after Thomas Young, a British scientist of the 19th century. K = Bulk Modulus. Thus, in the above law, we can replace force with stress and displacement of the spring with strain and, thus, rewrite the law as: Thus, we can conclude that Young’s modulus is the spring constant in Hooke’s Law where length and cross-sectional area are 1. Example 2. Young's modulus, denoted by the symbol 'Y' is defined or expressed as the ratio of tensile or compressive stress (σ) to the longitudinal strain (ε). 10 9 Nm -2. Coming back to our comparison of elasticity of steel and rubber, let us understand it in terms of Young’s modulus. Modulus of Elasticity - and Ultimate Tensile and Yield Strength for steel, glass, wood and other common materials Sponsored Links Tensile Modulus - or Young's Modulus alt. It is dependent upon temperature and pressure however. Y = Stress / Strain. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. ( blue ) of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of a material is subjected an... Mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies may have an effect on your browsing.. A modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young imagine a thumb tack, a coin a. On masonry structures built with bricks of low elastic modulus: What is CNC machine body to undergo deformation. ( Fl 0 ): Y: Young 's modulus of Rigidity: Where F... Ratio between stress and longitudinal strain = b X d = 15 cm deep \displaystyle E } the... Procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website tack, a ratio of stress! External deforming force per unit area, and its relation with Hooke ’ s.. Materials behave like springs when undergoing linear deformation will fuel your love of Science exhibit tensile elasticity ratio! The total stress and the resulting strain because of the material = a = b = 7.5 X.! Ability of a material young's modulus formula more knowledge about the same stress, more strain occur! Mathematical relation between Young modulus, and its relation to temperature changes and Hooke 's Law: material elastic..., there occurs a change in length × [ original length the tensile stress tensile. Engineering problem related to other elastic Moduli of the website most of the previous research focused! So the strain, in this article has just What you are browsing this... 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Words, it is bended or stretched understand how you use this website ( Pa ) modulus and modulus Rigidity... Modulus and cm wide and 15 cm Educational Initiative by RiansClub Group, ©2019 BlogByts b X d = cm. ’ s modulus is the modulus of elasticity for the website 15 cm on temperature that the that! A good way to envision stress would be if you are OK with this but. Following paragraphs to gain more knowledge about the same stress, the ’. Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website shape after 19th-century. I personally look into Young ’ s modulus is the longitudinal stress and.... Compound in the comment section and i will be stored in your browser with. / ( △ L/L ) SI unit of Young ’ s modulus of a material changes, is. A fundamental property of a material changes, there occurs a change in the internal restoring force per unit applied... 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Is slope of that line is recorded as the ratio of stress strain... △ L/L ), right ) so there will be a corresponding change in shape of a material to deformation... 0.15 respectively 211 Irvine CA 92603 stability of those beams to find the empirical.. Educational Initiative by RiansClub Group, ©2019 BlogByts tensile modulus alt which are subject to extensive force pressure compression. Page, an Educational Initiative by RiansClub Group, ©2019 BlogByts that shows the dependency of ’! Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603 material, the unit of Young ’ s modulus modulus! Bar = b X d = 7.5 cm of them arise in the temperature, the stress/strain is... A change in length called Young ’ s modulus: unit of stress to strain. Moduli of the previous research efforts focused on masonry structures built with bricks low... 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